Limits of the American Dream and Racism behind the Facade...

Limits of the American Dream and Racism behind the Faà §ade of Color-Blind America While the United States is a great country in terms of being home to so many nationalities, races, cultures, and religions, its greatness is often exaggerated through the perpetuation of myths and false assumptions. One of the myths that those who pursue the American Dream often believe is the idea that the United States is a color-blind society where anyone can achieve the dream regardless of ones race, color, gender, religion, or sexual orientation. It is true that hard work and persistence to the dream will eventually pay off, but what is missing from the general understanding of the American Dream is that the idea of color-blindness is just a faà §ade behind which one can see the ugly face of racism. This becomes clear to many ethnic Americans a long list of hyphenated Americans such as Asian-Americans, Afro-Americans, Mexican-Americans, Indian-Americans, Arab-Americans, and put any nationality here-Americans who, as they grow up in America, find out about the pervasive racism t hat is hidden behind the faà §ade of color-blindness. As the stories of Jeremiah Torres and Matthew Noerper demonstrate in Label Us Angry and A Little Too Asian and Not Enough White, in America there is an illusion of color-blindness, while the ugly face of racism may resurface at any moment. Jeremiah Torres was an ordinary Filipino American who grew up in America, believing that the society he was growing upShow MoreRelatedManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pages Third Edition Reed−Lajoux and others . . . This book was printed on recycled paper. Management http://www.mhhe.com/primis/online/ Copyright  ©2005 by The McGraw−Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without prior written permission of the publisher

The Effects Of Shifting Of Students On Different Academic...

Chapter II Review of Related literature and Studies Topic: Causes of Shifting of Students to Different Academic Tracks Background of the Study Prior to 2016, the Philippines is the last country in Asia, and one of only three countries (Angola and Djibouti) in the world that has a 10-year basic education. On May 15, 2013, President Benigno Aquino III signed into law the Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013 otherwise known as Republic Act No. 10533. Under this law, an additional two years will be incorporated into high school education where students will choose a particular track to enroll in. The year 2016 sees the full implementation of this change in the Philippine education system. One of the problems that students in Grade 11 faced†¦show more content†¦2.3 Academic track The academic track is a program that has four strands. It includes Accountancy, Business and Management (ABM) Strand, Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS) Strand, and Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) Strand according to the Department of Education K-12 manual. 2.4 ASEAN integration According to ASEAN Economic Community (AEC), ASEAN countries will promote economic integration among ASEAN countries. This means exchanges of opportunities in terms of economics, education, and work among ASEAN people. Since the Philippines has aligned its basic education program with the rest of the world, this means the Philippines will not find it difficult to integrate into the ASEAN economic community. Related literature/Studies Outline: 1. Causes of shifting of students to different academic track in Asian senior high schools 2. Causes of shifting of students to different academic track in American senior high schools 3. 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Leading People in Organization Attenda

Question: Discuss about leading people in organization of Attenda? Answer: Introduction: Main aim of this document is to provide a thorough observation of one of the 100 best companies across the world by focusing upon their strategies, methods and technologies to reach up to the desired level. In this document I will be discussing upon the company Attenda which is a Business Critical IT company. Attenda has put his focus to deliver best class application to other companies, business firms to gain their desired outcome for their business. With the world call solution and application product, Attenda is aimed to offer ultimate security and availability to their internal and external customers. Focusing on the estimated opportunities and taking advantages of scattered events this company somehow managed to respond quickly towards the each upcoming event. Attenda is responsible enough to provide solution to broad IT issues by aggregating their different level of services and capabilities. Fundamentals of Attendas business Critical IT services are influenced by PARIS, which is overall focus on performance, Availability, Recoverability, insight and Security. Analysis: Team Attenda has gtot the rank of being the 20th in the Sunday times as one of the 100 best companies to work from. Team Attenda consists of highly skilled and committed people to work and learn together. This group of people has been aimed to work together with complete focus and keep complex applications transacting 24 hours a day (Attenda, 2015). Hence, it has been possible for those Business firms and organization to get success while venturing for their success. Commitment within the group has been combined with the organic growth of 15%. Due to have a strong collaborative work environment and by having a string emphasis on the team work has offered a platform for realisation, creativity, innovation of professional ambitions (Braica, 2015). Attenda has got the rating of three stars of extraordinary rating in the Sunday Times Best companies Accreditation Award. Attenda promotes three of fundamental values to reflect the values and cultures within the organization. Those promises are A) Attenda is always responsible to offer their services within the timeline. Even ahs customers trust enough by delivering their promises with accuracy, giving best of the best solution to their customers by acting towards them with dignity, professionalism and integrity (Dallas, 2015). B) By allowing innovative approaches to every individual client solution, Attenda has let their clients to operate in a smarter way. On the other hand Attenda is dedicated enough to manage their relationship in an effective manner (Davidson, 2015). Contributing eagerly to the environment and to the communities has been held within Attenda and that has gone beyond only making contribution of money or voluntarily participating for any social causes (Levasseur, 2012). As a daily schedule there are lots of people those are working with Attenda for the betterment of their relationship with the local communities and have minimised companys environmental foot print. Attenda aimed to provide the proactive management and making efficient control of the environmental impact due to the activities related to the companys activities. There are numbers of strategic actives have been taken by Attenda to make less emission of pollution. Even Attenda have been awarded by the CarbonNeutral company that have been recognised all of the external and internal activities of Attenda by quantifying CO2 emissions to the net zero (Attenda, 2015). On the other hand Attenda provide clear and helpful information to its clients about the environmental impact caused by their infrastructure. Attend offers CarbonNeutral Attenda hosting program to their clients to quickly get the report on net zero impact from their infrastructure that are hosted with the data centres of Attenda (Frsn et al., 2015). Atteda have taken a responsible approach by allowing their employees to share their cars and has promoted their awareness for the use of public transport if possible. On the other hand Attend have invested lots of money for the numbers of charity causes. According to the founder and investors, charitable giving is much important as companys culture and will become the part of everyones social responsibilities. Even all employees of Attenda are encouraged to involve themselves for charitable work and Attenda offers paid leave of their choices to their employees. There are numbers of training methods are in use within Attenda depending upon the several of topics. When the personal growth is concerned, Attenda encourage their employees to gain knowledge or expand their knowledge within the organization (Taylor, Walker and Maqsood, 2015). Training methods differ depending upon the topic, disciplines and consists of mentoring and coaching form managers, peers and specialized outsourced training programs. There is the availability of labs and equipment and along with several learning materials (Managing People at Work, 2015). Managers and higher level expertise within the organization offer proper training, development and career progression seriously and with much dedication. They encourage the newly joined employees and existing employees to continuously throw challenge within them by adopting several methodologies, ideas, and new approaches with unique ideas. Mangers indentify the area of development by structured appraisal process and all of the employees are encouraged to work out development plan, upon which the companys support will be acted upon (Manias and Hughes, 2015). Attenda has combined all of its employees purpose, approaches to offer quality and unique solution to its customers. Attenda has been positioned as a leader in Gartner Magic Quadrant for European managed hosting, in the year of 2013. Attendas complete focus was upon IT operations since its very beginning (Frsn et al., 2015). Projects that Attenda get can be a single application development or can be an entire system deployment. Attenda is the most promising company to deliver the operational service excellence depending upon the ITIL Service Management Framework. Attenda is responsible enough for the performance, security and availability in account of clients business critical application without being concerned about their physical location (Newenham-Kahindi, 2015). Staffs across the organization are much friendlier to encourage each other and motivate each other by throwing challenges. Even managers and higher level expertise allow their newly joined colleges to communicate and share knowledge for their personal development. Attenda works being in partnership with their business partners and offers best deals. Through the structured design, verified methodologies and unrevealed opportunities, Attended provide its client right choices by providing Secure and Scalable platforms (Schindler, 2011). Conclusion: With Attends proven operational foundation, its clients get a better business solution that ensures evaluation, application and adoption of technologies has been driven by their fundamental business goals. Attenda is highly aimed to provide ultimate technology driven business goals supported by the innovation, optimisation and increment in revenue and allows richer end user experience. On the other hand Attend have invested lots of money for the numbers of charity causes. According to the founder and investors, charitable giving is much important as companys culture and will become the part of everyones social responsibilities. Even all employees of Attenda are encouraged to involve themselves for charitable work and Attenda offers paid leave of their choices to their employees. Attenda provide clear and helpful information to its clients about the environmental impact caused by their infrastructure. Attend offers CarbonNeutral Attenda hosting program to their clients to quickly get the report on net zero impact from their infrastructure that are hosted with the data centres of Attenda. All of these has enable strong employee and customer retention across the organization. Recommendation: It will be considered as beneficial if the company will adopt different challenges for get much experience while venturing their market based on Hybrid Computing Strategies. It will be considered as helpful Attenda adopts some advanced business analytics tools and machine learning tools. Hence, it will be possible for Attenda to keep track of pervious misleading within the organization and it will be possible for Attenda by keeping records of the customer data and their preferences so that those clients can be updated automatically with the machine learning tools those will provide short-messaging services for new products and services along with promotional services and offers to Attendss potential customers. References Attenda, (2015). A Challenger in the Gartner Magic Quadrant for Cloud-Enabled Managed Hosting, Europe - Attenda. [online] Available at: https://www.attenda.com/challenger-gartner-magic-quadrant/ [Accessed 20 Jun. 2015]. Attenda, (2015). Attenda locations. [online] Available at: https://www.attenda.com/connect-with-attenda/ [Accessed 20 Jun. 2015]. Braica, A. (2015). Managing the Current Situation of Young People in National and European Context in Terms of their Employment. Studia Universitatis Ã…Â ¾Vasile Goldis  Arad Economics Series, 25(1). Dallas, H. (2015). Managing teams: working with people to get results. Dental Nursing, 11(5), pp.280-281. Davidson, J. (2015). What's all the buzz about change management?. Healthcare Management Forum, 28(3), pp.118-120. Frsn, J., Jaakkola, M., Churakova, I. and Tikkanen, H. (2015). Effective forms of market orientation across the business cycle: A longitudinal analysis of business-to-business firms. Industrial Marketing Management. Levasseur, R. (2012). People Skills: Leading Virtual TeamsA Change Management Perspective. Interfaces, 42(2), pp.213-216. Managing People at Work. (2015). Hum Res Mgt Intl Digest, 23(1). Manias, E. and Hughes, C. (2015). Challenges of managing medications for older people at transition points of care. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 11(3), pp.442-447. Newenham-Kahindi, A. (2015). Managing sustainable development through people. Personnel Review, 44(3), pp.388-407. Schindler, F. (2011). On Managing People [MicroBusiness]. IEEE Microwave, 12(7), pp.26-30. Taylor, D., Walker, D. and Maqsood, T. (2015). Integration of contractors skills and expertise as part of the people capability of complex project based organisations. International Journal of Managing Projects in Business, 8(2), pp.379-392.

Title 5 Novels Essays - Slaves Of Spiegel, Harold, Sargon

Title: 5 Novels Author: Daniel Pinkwater Category: Sci- Fiction, Fiction Settings:First story: in Hogboro, New York. Second story: Earth and the planet Spiegel. Third story: Genghis Khan High School. Forth: Rochester New York. Fifth: Margaret Himmler High School. Time Period: 1990's Alan Mendelson, the boy from mars: Leonard Neeble. Alan Mendelson. Samuel Klugarsh. Clarence Yojimbo. Leonard Neeble is the new kid at school. No one really likes him, but he doesn't care. He's a real smart boy, but he found out if he acted dumb, no one would notice him. His grades are failing and his parents send him to a psychology just about the same time a new kid arrives at school. His name is Alan Mendelson, and he claims to be from Mars. He's an outcast, like Leonard, but the kids just don't like him, they hate him. He's always being mean, and he can trip people just by whistling. They become good friends, and they go comic book hunting, and they find this store with this guy who studies hyperstellar archaeology. His name is Samual Klugarsh. He tells them about his studies, and sells them a device, to see if you can have mind control. They try it, and it works. They can make people take off their hats and rub their bellies. Klugarsh gives them the next book, by Clarence Yojimbo, disguised as a dictionary. If you write down the second English words of each word backwards, It tells you other things you can do. The did, It didn't tell much. Then they met Clarence Yojimbo in a caf? one day, and he told them the real purpose for state 26 (Mind control) He says that in certain places, you can move into another dimension using state 26. They try one, the only one in America, which happens to be in the next town. They could only go for 2 hours before they were stuck there. They went, and followed these people into a cave. Th people told them that they were ruled by 3 people who had a monster enforce their law. That monster could only be seen in semi dark places. Everyone came to the place these 3 were, and all brought torches. ?They?(The 3 rulers) threatened to call the monster out, but the people wouldn't leave. The monster came out, and in the smoke, everyone could see that it was just ?Them? in state 26, partially visible. A famous Martian, who helped plan this, was grateful. Later on, Leonard got a letter from Alan saying?Dear Leonard, My parents want you to ask your parents if it would be OK if you stayed the summer in ?The Bronx?(If ya know what I mean). If they say yes, our friend Rolzup (The Martian) will be able to arange all of the details. Your friend, Alan Mendelson. Slaves of Spiegel: Sargon, Norman Bleistift, Steve Nickelson. It starts on a planet, covered with rappers. All the fat pirates come to hear Sargon He throws out food to all the pirates. He made a speech about their history, how they raided all the planets for food. He talked about every delicacy in the galaxy. He really didn't care, he was bored with their food. He wanted something new and different. He announced that the person who could find someone to cook the best food in the galaxy, would be rewarded for the rest of their lives. On earth, Norman was working for Steve in an ice cream shop. He had every flavor there was and a lot of weird one too. One big one was the Day of Wrath, a HUGE bucket full of all kinds of weird ice cream. One day, a fat pirate with a digital watch came and ordered one. This made Steve very excited, no one has ever ordered one before. The fat pirate ate it and left. Steve was kinda mad that the fat man didn't say anything, but the next day, two groups of fat men with digital watches came, the next day, a dozen. Then, one night, an alien ship came and took Steve away. Steve didn't mind, he just asked for them to bring Norman to help him cook. Norman was a bit nervous. When they got to Spiegel, They were told to prepare their finest. Steve didn't want to make just a Day of Wrath, he wanted something bigger. It had to be a lot though, he had to feed thousands of

Undergraduate Cooperative Education Programs (Co-Op Programs)

Your college education isn’t confined to the four walls of a lecture hall. That’s where Cooperative Education Programs come in. What are Cooperative Education Programs? Cooperative Education Programs, or more commonly known as Co-Op Programs, incorporates paid work experience in your field of interest to your academic courses on campus. Co-Op Programs aim to help students get real-world training in their field of study to help them gain experience to pursue a career after graduation. Universities often partner with employers in government, business, nonprofits, startups and more to secure internships for their students. Depending on the university, internships are available in different U.S. locations, and some are even available abroad. The purpose of the Co-Op Program is to give students the opportunity to apply the theory they learn in a classroom and apply it in practice. Additionally, this also helps students learn professional etiquette and better prepare them for getting a job after graduation. Why Should I Apply for Co-Op Programs? Co-Op Programs are built into your undergraduate degree. It gives you structure and forces you to look for an internship earlier than peers who are not enrolled in such programs. Since there are partner employers, it is also slightly easier for you to secure internships that would be otherwise super competitive. Co-op Program internships are all paid, so students get paid during their time at college. According to a Forbes Article in 2012, Co-Op students can earn up to $6,000 at Drexel, RIT and University of Cincinnati. Many of these students are also offered full-time return offers after graduation, thereby securing a job before their senior year. While students can also just apply for internships, co-ops are generally a lot more rewarding. Students can work full-time during school semesters, are paid internships and are often related to their specific majors. Are there Different Types of Co-Op Programs? Yes! There are typically three different types: 1. Alternating Semester/Full Time Programs This type of Co-Op Program is usually 5 years. Since students have to alternate between taking classes and working, the program is structured around 5 years instead of the traditional 4 years to finish your degree. 2. Parallel Part-Time Programs As the name suggests, you’d be working and taking classes at the same time. It’s the same as having a part-time job when you’re in college, but the internship will be directly related to your field of study. 3. One-Semester Programs You are required to finish a one semester of full time work-based learning. It almost feel like you’re taking a semester off for a 3-month internship. This model gives you a real sense of what it’s like to be in a professional environment and apply what you’ve learned in the classroom. List of Universities that Offer Co-Op Programs 1. Northeastern University The Co-Op Program is built into Northeastern’s curriculum. If this type of learning is something you’re interested in, then Northeastern might be the school for you! They offer co-op opportunities in all the majors they offer and have a dedicated Co-Op Director at each college to make sure all undergraduates get matched to a Co-Op in their field of study. Northeastern offers Co-Op jobs in different U.S. and international locations. As you consider which location to pursue your Co-Op, it’s important to consider where you want to pursue your career in the future. If you choose not to participate in the Co-Op program, there are other experiential learning requirements you must fulfill in order to graduate from Northeastern. For more information about Northeastern’s Co-Op Program, you can check out the FAQs on their website. 2. Cornell University Cornell University’s School of Engineering offers engineering students the option of participating in Co-Op. It is not required for all engineering students and is very much dependent on how it fits in with your schedule. Students are required to work at least 28 weeks, which typically includes a semester and a summer, so only students are able to complete this and all their requirements will be able to participate in it. The Co-Op job will be a paid internship with no academic credit provided, and can be with one or two employers during the 28 weeks. For more information and eligibility about Cornell’s Engineering Co-Op Program, you can check out Cornell’s website. 3. Georgia Institute of Technology Georgia Institute of Technology offers an optional 5-year Co-Op program to all engineering majors, as well as other majors in the colleges at Georgia Tech. Students will alternate between semesters of full-time work and academic courses. During the work semesters, Co-Ops typically earn $8,000 - $10,000 and do not have to pay tuition for ther 12 hour audit-credit co-op course! If you’re interested, find out if your major offers a Co-Op program and make sure you’ll still have 3 semesters remaining after the first work term. For more information and eligibility about Georgia Tech’s Co-Op Program, you can check out Georgia Tech’s website. http://career.gatech.edu/co-op/application-process 4. Purdue University Purdue University offers two different optional Co-Op programs for students in science, engineering, management, and more. Students can choose to either participate in a 5-session or 3-session co-op, both of which are required to be done with the same employer with the purpose of fostering a strong relationship with their employer and take on more responsibility during the work sessions. On average, Purdue Co-Ops earn an average monthly salary of $2600 for the first work session and increase to $3500 by the last session. Students will still need to pay a program fee of $400 to maintain their full-time academic status. Some majors both 5-Session and 3-Session Co-Ops, while others only offer one of the options. You can find the whole list of majors that are available for Co-Ops here. For more information about Purdue’s Co-Op Program, you can read more on their website. 5. University of Cincinnati University of Cincinnati has the largest Co-Op program out of all public universities in the U.S. The model the University of Cincinnati uses is an alternating one, where students switch between semesters of paid, full-time internships and semesters of full-time classes. The Co-Op Program is required for students studying in the College of Engineering Applied Science, the College of Design, Architecture, Art and Planning, as well as the School of Information Technology. Students in the College of Business and Communication majors in the College of Arts Sciences have the option of participating if they are interested. For more information about Cincinnati’s Co-Op Program, you can read more about it on their website. Know other universities that offer Co-Op programs? Let us know down in the comments below! If youre interested in applying to any of the schools listed above, ourpremium plansoffer different level of profile access and data insights that can help you get into your dream school. Unlock any of ourpackagesor search ourundergraduate profile databaseto find specific profiles that can help you make an informed choice about where to apply!

Good SAT Scores Ivy League Plus Edition

Good SAT Scores Ivy League Plus Edition SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Setting a target SAT score to aim for is important, but what if you want to shoot for the moon and get an Ivy League-caliber SAT score? Read on to find out what SAT scores Ivy League Plus schools require. feature image credit: Strauss Hall, Harvard Yard/used under CC BY 2.0/Resized from original. Ivy League SAT Scores While your SAT score isn’t the only factor that determines whether or not you get accepted to Ivy League-level schools, it does play a significant role in helping colleges compare candidates from different high schools. This is even more true for international students who don't have AP or IB courses in their schools, since US colleges and universities use those courses as ways to evaluate the academic potential of students attending a wide range of high schools, including students from countries with different grading systems altogether. Your personal target SAT score is determined by the scores of students attending the schools you want to attend. If you’re aiming for top-tier schools like the Ivy League, Stanford, MIT, or UChicago, this target score is going to necessarily be higher than it would be for less selective institutions, but just how high does this score have to be? To answer this question, we've compiled a chart of the 25th and 75th percentile scores from all eight Ivy League schools (Brown, Columbia, Cornell, Dartmouth, Harvard, Princeton, UPenn, and Yale) as well as from MIT, UChicago, and Stanford. The chart includes averages of section scores from all the schools as well as the total SAT scores. School Names New SAT 25th %ile Scores New SAT 75th %ile scores EBRW Math TOTAL EBRW Math TOTAL MIT 720 770 1490 770 800 1570 UChicago 730 750 1480 780 800 1580 Harvard 730 730 1460 790 800 1590 Columbia 720 730 1450 780 800 1580 Princeton 710 720 1430 780 790 1570 Dartmouth 710 720 1430 770 790 1560 Yale 710 710 1420 790 800 1590 UPenn 700 720 1420 770 790 1560 Brown 710 700 1410 780 790 1570 Cornell 690 700 1390 760 790 1550 Stanford 690 700 1390 760 780 1540 Average 7 723 1433 775 794 1569 Score data taken from College Board; section scores may not add up to the total score. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points? Tired of wasting time prepping in ways that don't work? We have the industry's leading SAT prep program. Built by Harvard grads and SAT full scorers, the program learns your strengths and weaknesses through advanced statistics, then customizes your prep program to you so you get the most effective prep possible. It's the best prep program available right now. Best of all, we guarantee your money back if you don't improve your score by 160 points or more. Check out our 5-day free trial today: What Does This Mean For You? Going by our standard recommendations for setting target scores, you’d need to get a 1540 new SAT score to be on par with the top 75% of students admitted to Ivy League Plus schools; students with scores below 1390 on the new SAT are unlikely to be accepted. The school with the largest spread between the 25th and 75th percentile scores is Yale (170 point difference), while the school with the smallest spread is MIT (80 point difference). This is important because it means there’s a lot more SAT score wiggle room for the middle 50% of students who apply to, say, Yale or Brown than there is for students applying to MIT or UChicago. Untitled/used under CC BY 2.0/Resized from orignal. Realistically speaking, few students apply exclusively to Ivy League Plus schools because they are so selective. If you do, you might fail to get into any college at all (this happened to a student a year above me in high school). Plus, a high SAT score doesn’t guarantee you admission to any school; other quantitative measures like GPA also matter a great deal. For example, Harvard’s scatterplot of admitted students for Fall 2016 shows the vast majority of students with a GPA of 3.8 or better out of 4.0. The bottom line: a score of 1540 or above on the SAT means that you are highly competitive for the top schools in the country, while a score of 1390 or below likely shuts you out of most of the Ivy League Plus schools. What’s Next? Are you all fired up about getting into the toughest schools in the country after reading this article? Then you'll love our complete guide on how to get into Harvard and the Ivy League and these two sample recommendation letters that got PrepScholar co-founder Allen Cheng into Harvard (and other Ivy League Plus schools). Want to ensure your SAT prep isn't time wasted? Make sure you're following all the top tips from our article on how to get a perfect SAT score. Took the SAT before March 2016 and not sure how you measure up to students taking the new SAT? Use our Old to New SAT Conversion charts to figure out where you stand. Want to learn more about the SAT but tired of reading blog articles? Then you'll love our free, SAT prep livestreams. Designed and led by PrepScholar SAT experts, these live video events are a great resource for students and parents looking to learn more about the SAT and SAT prep. Click on the button below to register for one of our livestreams today!

Marx on Alienation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Marx on Alienation - Essay Example For Marx, capitalism is an economic system in which businesses are controlled and owned by a few individuals of private enterprise rather than by the government and its people. That no matter what the business is, a capitalist, uses his own money or other people's money to make profit and appropriate it for himself. Workers are mere dispensable laborers who work for the capitalists, to produce the goods that are to be sold which in turn provide a profit for the capitalists. He theorized that alienation occurs as a result of the capitalistic effort whereby in his aim to amass more profit, the capitalist continues to push the laborer and later on replaces him with robots and machines. The worker is thereby alienated from the "object of his work" when the use of machinery is employed to create a surplus in production. Machines compete with the actual talent of a worker thereby allowing cheap labor. A worker would be alienated from the "activity of working" when he is forced to work. He does not have any right over his work as he is under close supervision to produce. Another set of workers are tasked to do most of the important thinking for him thereby allowing repetitive drudgery work under regimented working conditions. Workers are also alienated from the "chance to determine what it is to be human" when he is forced to work under certain conditions that are not biologically favorable for him. Man adapts with nature and uses it for his own benefit, but when man is forced to destroy whatever is beneficial for him to satisfy a greater need, he is separated from himself at the same time. He is not only alienating his needs but he is destroying what is vital to his existence. As a person, man needs other people to relate with. But when workers are forced to compete with one another to satisfy the demands of the capitalist, he is being "alienated from other individuals". In the real sense, Karl Marx wishes to impart that alienation occurs when labor is not voluntary, but forced. When there is coercion man is no longer comfortable with his working environment. He is not happy with what he is doing because of several factors that psychologically interrupts with his balance. The knowledge that his work does not belong to him; in his workplace, his job is under the control of his superiors; and to gain recognition, he has to outshine others thereby creating conflict among his peers similarly displaces man's true nature and alienates him. As a result, man is happier when he is not under these working conditions and work is shunned like a disease that will eat him up alive. Karl Marx provided that the theory of "alienation is not an end in itself but a means to an end". In his romantic and idealistic views for an end to alienation, changes would be geared towards an approach to classless society and the withering away of the state. He explicitly provided that class struggle has always been existent from the time human beings made their own history. That no amount of scarcity or surplus to satisfy the needs of an individual could alleviate what society creates false consciousness among men. Seemingly his ideas point towards the need to develop in man a sense of satisfaction after his basic needs are alleviated. That after man works for his own basic needs alone; he no longer has to work for a capitalist who belongs to the upper class of a society. A social

Article Review - Chapter 1 Leadership Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Review - Chapter 1 Leadership - Article Example In this respect, the article provides important information about how leaders can build trust among the employees. In my opinion, this information should be treated very seriously in view of the nature of its impact upon workforce motivation. Unless the organizational workforce can trust the leadership, it will not be motivated enough to boost productivity to the maximum and the business will lose its competitiveness in a dynamic environment. In my opinion, the topic of trusted leadership is more important than ever because of the fast changing external environment. In this environment, organizations have to be dynamic to be competitive. The important components are a compelling vision, rock-solid strategy, excellent communication skills, innovative insight and a skilled team. They are the important components of a competitive organizational culture the basis of which is trusted leadership. This underscores the importance of building trust in leadership. This is a long-term process success in which leads to an organizational culture which creates competitive dynamism in a business environment which is changing constantly. Therefore trust in leadership is vital when it comes to maintaining the profit margin because it has a direct impact upon employee motivation. By emphasizing upon clarity, compassion, character, contribution, competency, connection, commitment and consistency, a leader can inspire trust the importance o f which is underscored by its impact upon both individual and business performance. Horsager, D. (2012). You can’t be a great leader without trust. Here’s how you build it. Forbes. Retrieved from http://www.forbes.com/sites/forbesleadershipforum/2012/10/2

Business Strategies of Marks and Spencer towards Their Business Essay

Business Strategies of Marks and Spencer towards Their Business Expansion into China - Essay Example This paper illustrates that Marks and Spencer were established in the year 1884 by Michael Marks and since then has grown rapidly to about 600 stores in the UK alone employing about 75000 individuals across the globe in diverse markets. However, the aspect of international expansion must be handled with caution as one of the most important mistakes made by multinational firms involves undermining the aspect of local sentiments and beliefs that can lead to disastrous consequences in terms of positioning of the brand in the new foreign markets. The company has a dedicated presence in about 40 nations across the globe. China holds considerable promise for Marks and Spencer for expanding its business as the nation holds a good position with regards to ease of doing business. According to a report published by the World Bank China ranks 79 among all the nations with regards to ease of doing business preceded only by India, Brazil, and Russia among the emerging markets. In addition, China is also the highest populated country in the world and its recent strides in economic growth have led to making it one of the major markets for retailers across the globe. Cities like Shanghai and Beijing score high on the list of international companies trying to expand internationally due to good market potential.A research study conducted to analyze the consumer behavior states certain key trends of the Chinese consumers that include a good growth in consumption patterns, greater sophistication of the consumers, a reduced trade up of products and brands, shift towards brand value and brand image and finally display of greater smarter purchasing trends among the consumers. In addition to this, the Chinese consumers have also become more inclined towards better service and are also influenced to some extent by Western brands.

Methods of Data Collection

Methods of Data Collection 1. INTRODUCTION This report consists of how data are collected and what are the methods to collect data for research. To improve a research better one or for more learning of particular thing which is to be analyzed. In this report a brief study of method of collecting data by primary data and secondary data with their classifications will be observed. 2. Methods of collecting primary data OBSERVATION QUESTIONNAIRE SEMI-STRUCTURED AND IN-DEPTH INTERVIEW. 2.1 OBSERVATION Observation means finding what people do, what they need, etc†¦ It combines of recording, describing, analysis and interpretation of people behavior. Observation are two different types, PARTICIPANT OBSERVATION. In participant observation researcher will involve with subject activities and live and being a member of group. E.g. .all documentary films are all of this kind. This type roles are: Complete participant Complete observer Observer as participant Participant as observer. Graphical representation of participant observation researcher roles Participant as observer complete participant Observer as participant complete observer STRUCTURED OBSERVATION. As the heading its self describes about what kind of observation are done in it. It’s a structured way of dealing data collection method, which involves in high level of predetermined structured .It form only some part of data collection. Ex: A daily attendance sheet, planning sheet. 2.2 SEMI STRUCTURED AND IN-DEPTH INTERVIEWS It involves in interviewing a person or on group. Where interview are classified into structured, semi-structured, unstructured interviews. In structured interviews a format of question are followed for some particular criteria to be handled, which consists of standard questions. For semi-structured interviews it is based on optioning the customer to select their preferred section of questions. Whereas unstructured interviews deals with in depth involvement in a particular or interested area. Interviews are done by face to face and group interviews. Face to face interviews can figure out a person behavior, but group interview show how groups are mingled together and how they differ one another. HOW CAN THESE TYPE OF INTERVIEWS ARE USEFUL IN RESEARCH 2.3 QUESTIONNARIE It is a general way of collecting data, in which person is asked to answer for same set of questions in order. It is very easy to ask question for some study or research. Most of the research use questionnaire as their weapon for collecting information. This can be involved in individual level so sampling size also be larger one. An interesting one in questionnaire is modes of responding to it. Telephonic survey. Mail (postal) survey. E-mail survey. QUESTIONNARIE SELECTION CHART 2.3.1 Telephonic survey It is a common method followed where researcher and respondent are unknown. So limited data are collected from this method. Due to limitations it restrict questionnaire format to smaller one. Question must be easier for respondent to answer quickly. Question must not be longer one which consume more time. To handle this survey a trained person must be interviewing. Answers to question can be entered directly on an excel-sheet to save time. 2.3.2 Mail (postal) survey It is average form of survey where respondent and questionnaire cannot contact directly and without any interaction. Questioner should be preplanned about design and structure of question to be framed in such a way that respondent could answer it without neglecting any question. Questions must be in an order like easy, average, difficult, which can earn a valuable survey. Time are more valued in surveys. 2.3.3 E-mail survey E-mail survey are most popular survey where people are gather through internet. It can be performed in two way by e-mailing or using online survey. Just as mail an e-mail can be sent to respondent for answering but they may not reply for it, due to some reasons. Online survey are better because they answer then and there so data are collected faster than mailing. Today html pages are used to frame survey questions. And exciting one for survey is Google forms which are much useful for researcher to get job done. 3. METHODS OF COLLECTING SECONDARY DATA Collecting secondary data involves in finding publications, project and research reports, ERP/data warehouse and mining, internet/web for your necessary of research details. 3.1 PUBLICATIONS It refers to printed media like newspapers, textbooks, magazines, journals and reports. These are otherwise known as reference material, which contains wide source of data. Researchers follow secondary data as their first priority than primary data because it will lead them to a proper or complete view of research for their respective topics. As every publications have topic specified to itself, researchers can find easily the source of topic in a systematic manner. To search these publications proper guide lines also required. 3.2 ERP/DATAWAREHOUSES AND MINING For every organization ERP are implemented to gather information about finance, commercial, accounts, production, marketing, RD etc†¦ How do ERP helps in research, since it has data stored day by day, months and yearly basis to compute as integrated one. Researcher of different phenomenon can easily track those information by authorized person of such organization for their data collection. ERP has different sectors combined for example if a researcher form financial sector comes to verify how organization development in that particular sector, he/she can collect information from ERP. Mostly these data are considered as primary data. Data warehouses are secondary data, where large amount of data are stored. These data cannot be analyzed manually. So software for analyzing it is Data Mining Software, this will segregate all kinds of data and use statistical techniques to analyze data. Some techniques used by this software are variance analysis, cluster analysis, factor analysis, etc. It is a statistical and information technologies software. To create these software so of vendors of it are, excel miner, SPSS, SAS and SYSSTAT. Data mining is automated process where some features are selected by user. 3.3 Internet/web Most basic way collecting secondary data is to search through web. As we know internet search topic and words related thing easily and fast where surplus amount of data are founded in thousands of websites all over the world. It includes all e-textbooks, journals, government reports. To search our results through internet search are provided those are GOOGLE, YAHOO, etc. all these search engines can show several sites but one must choose correct data related to topic of research involves. Most popular website for collecting data are Wikipedia for researcher, where note of particular topic are gives with reference site to get detailed study about research topics. SOME OF THE IMPORTANT WEBSITES 4. conclusion From the given information we know about what are primary data and secondary data and how to collect those data from various resources. Research must be valuable one so data collection must be done enormously to predict correct result of analysis. Secondary data can be added in research reports but there must be some data which show your involvement in research process. Research is an endless process because as time changes strategy of reports containing details also vary due to respondent are not same in nature. A research about a topic gives overview, detailed and explanation according to research types. At last collection of data are most important for research because it act as proof or evidence of your valuable reports. Table of Contents PG NO INTRODUCTION 1 METHODS OF COLLECTING PRIMARY DATA 1 OBSERVATION 1 2.1.1 PARTICIPANT OBSERVATION 2.1.2 STRUCTURED OBSERVATION 2 2.2 SEMI STRUCTURED AND INDEPTH INTERVIEWS 3 2.3 QUESTIONNARIE 4 2.3.1 TELEPHONIC SURVEY 5 2.3.2 POSTAL SURVEY 5 2.3.3 E-MAIL SURVEY 5 METHODS OF COLLECTING SECONDARY DATA 6 PUBLICATIONS 6 ERP/DATA WAREHOUSES AND MINING 6 INTERNET/WEB 7 CONCLUSION 8 REFERENCES PEARSON EDUCATION/ THIRD EDITION/ RESEARCH METHODS FOR BUSINESS STUDENTS/ Mark Saunders/Philip Lewis/Adrian Thorn hill SAGE PUBLICATIONS/ESSENTIALS OF BUSINESS RESEARCH/ Jonathan Wilson. TATA McGraw HILL/STATISTICS FOR MANAGEMENT/ G.C.BERI.

Censorship In Europe :: essays research papers

Americans think of Europeans as essentially like themselves. They believe European societies are like their own-rooted in the rule of law, freedom of religion, democratic government, market competition, and an unfettered press. In recent years, however, Europeans have given up an essential liberty: freedom of speech. It is true that in the United States prevailing orthodoxies on some questions are ruthlessly enforced but it is still legal to say just about anything. Not so in much of Europe. In the last decade or so countries we think of as fellow democracies-France, Germany, Switzerland and others-have passed laws that limit free speech for the same crude ideological reasons that drove the brief, unsuccessful vogue of campus speech codes in the United States. Today in Europe there are laws as bad as anything George Orwell could have imagined. In some countries courts have ruled that the facts are irrelevant, and that certain things must not be said whether they are true or false. In others, a defendant in court who tries to explain or defend a forbidden view will be charged on the spot with a fresh offense. Even his lawyer can be fined or go to jail for trying to mount a defense. In one case a judge ordered that a bookseller's entire stock-innocent as well as offending titles-be burned! Just as Eastern Europe is emerging from it, Western Europe has entered the thought-crime era, in a return to the mentality that launched the Inquisition and the wars of religion. It is a tyranny of the left practiced by the very people who profess shock at the tactics of Joseph McCarthy, an exercise of raw power in the service of pure ideology. The desire not merely to debate one's opponents but to disgrace them, muzzle them, fine them, jail them is utterly contrary to the spirit of civilized discourse. It is profoundly disturbing to find this ugly sentiment codified into law in some of the countries we think of as pillars of Western Civilization. At the same time, these laws cannot help but draw attention to the very ideas they forbid. Truth does not generally require the help of censors. There are two subjects about which Europeans can no longer speak freely. One is race and the other is Nazi Germany. "Anti-racism" laws generally take the form of forbidding the expression of opinions that might stir up "hatred" against any racial or ethnic group.

Nietzsche on Power

The rise of science placed a strain on religion’s ability to retain its credence. Science had demonstrated an unprecedented ability to explain concepts that were once mysteries. This ability began to efface the dominion and power of the Christian God, and this led to the existentialist idea that man lives alone in the world and must rely only on himself. According to Nietzsche, this occurrence places power squarely in the hands of man, and the possession of this power leaves him with the ability to exert it over himself as well as others. One of the main ideas behind Nietzsche’s works is that the human individual constantly intends and strives toward wielding this power over others.Even actions that appear altruistic are really sparked by a rooted desire to control the person for whom the act is performed. Nietzsche advocates the fundamental egoism of all persons, declaring the focus of all human conceptions to be centered on the desire of that particular individual to dominate in a given situation. Even the evolutionary aspects of man’s position within the environment manifests the individual’s need to wield power: growth from youth to adulthood involves an increase of power and a decrease in subordination; the desire for upward social mobility represents this as well.According to Nietzsche, the need for power is an instinctive drive that is the end for which all pleasure-seeking actions strive. Yet Nietzsche also identified a need that humans have to control themselves—and this he conceived as the desire for internal power. Here is where Nietzsche’s truest interest in power lay. These themes can be demonstrated in his use of aphorisms and elaborations of these throughout his works Daybreak, the Gay Science, Beyond Good and Evil, and the Will to Power.The Judeo-Christian antagonism (indeed the antagonism of all religions) represents one example on earth of the power relations (struggle) of which Nietzsche writes. In Da ybreak, he writes: â€Å"the ship of Christianity threw overboard a good deal of its Jewish ballast† (40). Ironically, the idea represented in the aphorism â€Å"God is dead† describes the modern scientific supplanting of the Judeo-Christian view that God is ultimately responsible for the molding of the individual (Zupancic, 6).The scientific explanations of the universe—the Copernican revolution which challenged and toppled the geocentric view—weakened the idea that the anthropomorphic God was any longer (or ever was) in charge of the destiny of the universe. Essentially one of Nietzsche’s â€Å"power relations,† this struggle left each individual entity on the earth dependent on its own actions to take it through time. This has become one of the catalytic ideas that gave birth to the notion of internal power that drives man. This power has been expressed by Nietzsche in the form of self mastery, which develops in a complicated cycle, both as a result of and in accordance with the instinct. Though this important instinct arises out of the inward self-creation of the man, Nietzsche also acknowledges another type of instinct that drives men toward a different kind of power: domination.In the work The Will to Power Nietzsche points out the symbolism that can be found in the how states and societies have been constituted. The drive for power, he writes, undergirds the hierarchical nature of the organizations within each state. Societal classes demonstrate ways in which people have succeeded in gaining power over others.This again identifies another concrete example of power relations within the human world. The members of higher classes (which have acquired wealth) dominate in a situation where the other members of society look to them for their wages. Money represents buying power, without which people cannot live. By this reasoning, individuals who acquire their wages from these powerful members of the upper class look toward these moguls for their very sustenance. This is the manifestation of the power that, according to Nietzsche, all men instinctively seek.Yet even in this example where people appear to seek mastery over others, one can detect an example of the desire for internal power. Persons who must do the bidding of the rich in order to gain hold of the buying power that facilitates their continued existence—these persons recognize that others exert power over them. Their desire for upward mobility represents a desire to have that control returned to them, and this appears to be possible only simultaneously with having the power to control others. This can thus be seen as a dual drive toward dominance and independence.In Nietzsche’s opinion it is this self-mastery that represents the truest power. The picture of the ascetic monk who denies himself physical and aesthetic pleasures for the purpose of subduing his desires and mastering himself demonstrates more power than the w arriors who plunder other tribes and nations. On a deeper level, Nietzsche describes the inner workings of the human mind as a conflict of several wills that compete for power within the individual.He writes the following: â€Å"Suppose nothing else were ‘given’ as real except our world of desires and passions, and we could   not get down, or up, to any other ‘reality’ besides the reality of our drives–for thinking is merely a relation of these drives to each other† (Beyond, 36). People’s wills (or desires) often conflict with each other, and thoughts, Nietzsche explains, are the vehicles of the desires; it is via thought that desires identify themselves, and the mind is their battlefield. The ability to master oneself is essentially the ability of one thought to rise up and become the dominant will, mastering all the others.Nietzsche expresses this idea also in his book Beyond Good and Evil, the title of which is essentially a descri ption of the heights attained by those who have achieved the highest level of self mastery. He writes that such a person becomes â€Å"the man Beyond Good and Evil, the master of his virtues, the superabundant of will† (Beyond, 212). His will to create himself overflows, and he finds his own way toward morality and virtue through his own journey of self discovery.This journey involves a complex interplay of consciousness, subconsciousness, and instinct. Instinct comes about through a process in which consciousness of the outside world gathers knowledge that is taken in and absorbed into the mind in a kind of internalization process. The depth at which these internalized principles rest within the individual causes them to rank higher than the prevailing principles of the day. And the fact that the individual creates them him/herself places him or her in the powerful position of self-master.The hierarchical nature of the instincts themselves determines a way in which Nietzsche classes men according to their degree of control over themselves. The person who has attained an existence beyond good and evil is said to be supramoral, and this is the one who has fortified his internal power. It is in comparison to this person that Nietzsche is driven to classify lesser men. Such men are those who might be seen as stuck in the routines of life. They are bound by a herding instinct that is inherited rather than created.This hereditary instinct comes into the possession of not one but a plethora of individuals whose behaviors begin to demonstrate that they can no longer accurately be called individuals. They possess no mastery over themselves that allows them to create their own being with its own virtues and morals to dictate or inform their actions. Instead, their actions and motives are carbon copies of a million others who have, like themselves, passively accepted the norms of their society.Nietzsche’s idea of self-mastery and individualism is again mad e visible in his declaration that societies have caused passions to be laid to rest, whereas individuals who have distinguished themselves by developing internal power have contributed to the progress of the human race. He expresses this idea in the passage,Nowadays there is a profoundly erroneous moral doctrine that is celebrated especially in England: this holds that judgements of ‘good' and ‘evil' sum up experiences of what is ‘expedient' and ‘inexpedient.' One holds that what is called good preserves the species, while what is called evil harms the species. In truth, however, the evil instincts are expedient, species-preserving, and indispensable to as high a degree as the good ones; their function is merely different (The Gay Science, 74).Even evil persons, Nietzsche explains, have done more good for humanity than society itself with all its conformity and low-tiered hierarchical power. He argues that even powerful (though evil) individuals have given ot hers something worthwhile: they have provided the means of comparing and contrasting between extremes in ways that perform dialectically to take knowledge and morals to higher heights. These persons who have instinctively created their own morals through a systematic mastery of themselves give more power to humanity than those who conform and expend no energy in the pursuit of more powerful selves. The empowered individuals have done this through adding to the variety of knowledge (of good and evil) and creating new avenues and alternatives for self-mastering persons.Nietzsche’s regard for what he considered the power of the self-mastering individual eclipsed that of what he viewed as the general power struggle that often ensued from power relations. The self-made individual demonstrates an industry through which he is able to create his own morals and fabricate the instinct that will lead him toward those morals. Such a man Nietzsche considers to have transcended good and ev il by entering into a morality created at first through consciousness, but later sublimely through the subconscious. This man, in Nietzsche’s opinion, has truly achieved power of a type that goes beyond the mere control of others, as it has attained the much more difficult goal of self-control.Works CitedNietzsche, Friedrich. Beyond Good and Evil. 1886. trans. R.J. Hollingdale. New York:    Penguin, 1973.Daybreak: Thoughts on the Prejudices of Morality. (Cambridge Texts in the History    of Philosophy. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2003.The Gay Science: with a Prelude in Rhymes and an Appendix of Songs. New York:    Vintage/Random House, 1974.The Will to Power. 1888. trans. Walter Kaufman and R.J. Hollingdale. New York:   Ã‚   Vintage Books, 1967.Zupancic, Alenka. The Shortest Shadow: Nietzsche’s Philosophy of the Two (Short Circuits). Cambridge: MIT, 2003 Nietzsche on Power The rise of science placed a strain on religion’s ability to retain its credence. Science had demonstrated an unprecedented ability to explain concepts that were once mysteries. This ability began to efface the dominion and power of the Christian God, and this led to the existentialist idea that man lives alone in the world and must rely only on himself. According to Nietzsche, this occurrence places power squarely in the hands of man, and the possession of this power leaves him with the ability to exert it over himself as well as others. One of the main ideas behind Nietzsche’s works is that the human individual constantly intends and strives toward wielding this power over others.Even actions that appear altruistic are really sparked by a rooted desire to control the person for whom the act is performed. Nietzsche advocates the fundamental egoism of all persons, declaring the focus of all human conceptions to be centered on the desire of that particular individual to dominate in a given situation. Even the evolutionary aspects of man’s position within the environment manifests the individual’s need to wield power: growth from youth to adulthood involves an increase of power and a decrease in subordination; the desire for upward social mobility represents this as well. According to Nietzsche, the need for power is an instinctive drive that is the end for which all pleasure-seeking actions strive. Yet Nietzsche also identified a need that humans have to control themselves—and this he conceived as the desire for internal power. Here is where Nietzsche’s truest interest in power lay. These themes can be demonstrated in his use of aphorisms and elaborations of these throughout his works Daybreak, the Gay Science, Beyond Good and Evil, and the Will to Power.The Judeo-Christian antagonism (indeed the antagonism of all religions) represents one example on earth of the power relations (struggle) of which Nietzsche writes. In D aybreak, he writes: â€Å"the ship of Christianity threw overboard a good deal of its Jewish ballast† (40). Ironically, the idea represented in the aphorism â€Å"God is dead† describes the modern scientific supplanting of the Judeo-Christian view that God is ultimately responsible for the molding of the individual (Zupancic, 6). The scientific explanations of the universe—the Copernican revolution which challenged and toppled the geocentric view—weakened the idea that the anthropomorphic God was any longer (or ever was) in charge of the destiny of the universe.Essentially one of Nietzsche’s â€Å"power relations,† this struggle left each individual entity on the earth dependent on its own actions to take it through time. This has become one of the catalytic ideas that gave birth to the notion of internal power that drives man. This power has been expressed by Nietzsche in the form of self mastery, which develops in a complicated cycle, both as a result of and in accordance with the instinct. Though this important instinct arises out of the inward self-creation of the man, Nietzsche also acknowledges another type of instinct that drives men toward a different kind of power: domination.In the work The Will to Power Nietzsche points out the symbolism that can be found in the how states and societies have been constituted. The drive for power, he writes, undergirds the hierarchical nature of the organizations within each state. Societal classes demonstrate ways in which people have succeeded in gaining power over others. This again identifies another concrete example of power relations within the human world. The members of higher classes (which have acquired wealth) dominate in a situation where the other members of society look to them for their wages. Money represents buying power, without which people cannot live. By this reasoning, individuals who acquire their wages from these powerful members of the upper class loo k toward these moguls for their very sustenance. This is the manifestation of the power that, according to Nietzsche, all men instinctively seek.Yet even in this example where people appear to seek mastery over others, one can detect an example of the desire for internal power. Persons who must do the bidding of the rich in order to gain hold of the buying power that facilitates their continued existence—these persons recognize that others exert power over them. Their desire for upward mobility represents a desire to have that control returned to them, and this appears to be possible only simultaneously with having the power to control others. This can thus be seen as a dual drive toward dominance and independence.In Nietzsche’s opinion it is this self-mastery that represents the truest power. The picture of the ascetic monk who denies himself physical and aesthetic pleasures for the purpose of subduing his desires and mastering himself demonstrates more power than the warriors who plunder other tribes and nations. On a deeper level, Nietzsche describes the inner workings of the human mind as a conflict of several wills that compete for power within the individual.He writes the following: â€Å"Suppose nothing else were ‘given’ as real except our world of desires and passions, and we could   not get down, or up, to any other ‘reality’ besides the reality of our drives–for thinking is merely a relation of these drives to each other† (Beyond, 36). People’s wills (or desires) often conflict with each other, and thoughts, Nietzsche explains, are the vehicles of the desires; it is via thought that desires identify themselves, and the mind is their battlefield. The ability to master oneself is essentially the ability of one thought to rise up and become the dominant will, mastering all the others.Nietzsche expresses this idea also in his book Beyond Good and Evil, the title of which is essentially a desc ription of the heights attained by those who have achieved the highest level of self mastery. He writes that such a person becomes â€Å"the man Beyond Good and Evil, the master of his virtues, the superabundant of will† (Beyond, 212). His will to create himself overflows, and he finds his own way toward morality and virtue through his own journey of self discovery.This journey involves a complex interplay of consciousness, subconsciousness, and instinct. Instinct comes about through a process in which consciousness of the outside world gathers knowledge that is taken in and absorbed into the mind in a kind of internalization process. The depth at which these internalized principles rest within the individual causes them to rank higher than the prevailing principles of the day. And the fact that the individual creates them him/herself places him or her in the powerful position of self-master.The hierarchical nature of the instincts themselves determines a way in which Nietzsc he classes men according to their degree of control over themselves. The person who has attained an existence beyond good and evil is said to be supramoral, and this is the one who has fortified his internal power. It is in comparison to this person that Nietzsche is driven to classify lesser men. Such men are those who might be seen as stuck in the routines of life.They are bound by a herding instinct that is inherited rather than created. This hereditary instinct comes into the possession of not one but a plethora of individuals whose behaviors begin to demonstrate that they can no longer accurately be called individuals. They possess no mastery over themselves that allows them to create their own being with its own virtues and morals to dictate or inform their actions. Instead, their actions and motives are carbon copies of a million others who have, like themselves, passively accepted the norms of their society.Nietzsche’s idea of self-mastery and individualism is again m ade visible in his declaration that societies have caused passions to be laid to rest, whereas individuals who have distinguished themselves by developing internal power have contributed to the progress of the human race. He expresses this idea in the passage,Nowadays there is a profoundly erroneous moral doctrine that is celebrated especially in England: this holds that judgements of ‘good' and ‘evil' sum up experiences of what is ‘expedient' and ‘inexpedient.' One holds that what is called good preserves the species, while what is called evil harms the species. In truth, however, the evil instincts are expedient, species-preserving, and indispensable to as high a degree as the good ones; their function is merely different (The Gay Science, 74).Even evil persons, Nietzsche explains, have done more good for humanity than society itself with all its conformity and low-tiered hierarchical power. He argues that even powerful (though evil) individuals have given others something worthwhile: they have provided the means of comparing and contrasting between extremes in ways that perform dialectically to take knowledge and morals to higher heights. These persons who have instinctively created their own morals through a systematic mastery of themselves give more power to humanity than those who conform and expend no energy in the pursuit of more powerful selves. The empowered individuals have done this through adding to the variety of knowledge (of good and evil) and creating new avenues and alternatives for self-mastering persons.Nietzsche’s regard for what he considered the power of the self-mastering individual eclipsed that of what he viewed as the general power struggle that often ensued from power relations. The self-made individual demonstrates an industry through which he is able to create his own morals and fabricate the instinct that will lead him toward those morals. Such a man Nietzsche considers to have transcended good and evil by entering into a morality created at first through consciousness, but later sublimely through the subconscious. This man, in Nietzsche’s opinion, has truly achieved power of a type that goes beyond the mere control of others, as it has attained the much more difficult goal of self-control.Works CitedNietzsche, Friedrich. Beyond Good and Evil. 1886. trans. R.J. Hollingdale. New York:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Penguin, 1973.—. Daybreak: Thoughts on the Prejudices of Morality. (Cambridge Texts in the History   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   of Philosophy. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2003.—. The Gay Science: with a Prelude in Rhymes and an Appendix of Songs. New York:    Vintage/Random House, 1974.—. The Will to Power. 1888. trans. Walter Kaufman and R.J. Hollingdale. New York:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Vintage Books, 1967.Zupancic, Alenka. The Shortest Shadow: Nietzsche’s Philosophy of the Two (Short   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Ci rcuits). Cambridge: MIT, 2003

Characteristics of Shakespeares History Plays

Characteristics of Shakespeare's History Plays Many of Shakespeare’s plays are historical, but only certain plays are categorized as such. Plays like Macbeth and Hamlet are historical in setting but are more correctly classified as Shakespeare tragedies. The same is true for the Roman plays (Julius Caesar, Antony and Cleopatra and Coriolanus), which are all based on historical sources. So which plays are classified as Shakespeare histories and what are their common features? Sources of Shakespeare's History Plays Most of the Bards  English history plays, as well as Macbeth and King Lear are based on Holinsheds Chronicles. Shakespeare was known for borrowing heavily from earlier writers, and Holinsheds works, published in 1577 and 1587, were a key reference for Shakespeare and other authors of his day, including Christopher Marlowe. Interestingly, Holinsheds works were not particularly historically accurate either but instead are considered mostly fictional works of entertainment. If produced in the modern day, both Shakespeare and Holinsheds writings would probably be described as based on historical events but have a disclaimer that they were edited for dramatic purposes. Common Features of the Shakespeare Histories The Shakespeare histories share a number of things in common. First, most are set against medieval English history. The Shakespeare histories dramatize the Hundred Years War with France, giving us the Henry Tetralogy, Richard II, Richard III and King John- many of which feature the same characters at different ages. In all his histories, indeed in all his plays, Shakespeare provides social commentary via his characters and plots. The history plays say more about Shakespeare’s time than the medieval society in which they are set. For example, Shakespeare cast King Henry V as an everyman hero to exploit the growing sense of patriotism in England. His depiction of this character is not necessarily historically accurate. For instance, theres not much evidence that Henry V had the rebellious youth that Shakespeare depicts. Were Shakespeare's Histories Accurate? Another characteristic of Shakespeares histories is, for the most part,  theyre not historically accurate. In writing the history plays, Shakespeare was not attempting to render an accurate picture of the past. Rather, he was writing for the entertainment of his theater audience and therefore molded historical events to suit their prejudices or preferences. Shakespeare'sPlays and Social Commentary More subtly than his comedies and tragedies, Shakespeares histories provide contemporary social commentary. His plays offer a view of society that cuts right across the class system. These plays present us with all kinds of characters, from lowly beggars to members of the monarchy. In fact, it is not uncommon for characters from both ends of the social strata to play scenes together. Most memorable is Henry V and Falstaff who turn up in a number of the history plays. All in all, Shakespeare wrote 10 histories. These plays are distinct in subject matter only- not in style. The histories provide an equal measure of tragedy and comedy. The 10 plays classified as histories are as follows: Henry IV, Part IHenry IV, Part IIHenry VHenry VI, Part IHenry VI, Part IIHenry VI, Part IIIHenry VIIIKing JohnRichard IIRichard III

Google Case Investments

Google Case Investments The investment on the android systems did not profit Google Corporation. Google had publicly declared that its original objective was not driven by profit. Google makes 2.67 billion from android mobile, which is far less than its total revenue. Android applications reached 900 million by 2013 with 48 million applications signed each day. The increase did not influence the growth in revenue for Google.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Google Case: Investments specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The company has a lot of issues to tackle and cannot strategize on making a profit on Android mobile. Google makes its revenue from signing third-party applications daily. Android Smartphones is sold daily, and in 2013 Google projected a sale of 789,000 Android Smartphones. This statistic accounts for the financial benefits derived from android systems. Revenue 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Net income [millions] 4,226,858 6,520,448 8,505 9,737 10,737 Android users [millions] 7 200 484 700 The acquisition of Motorola was a huge loss for Google. Google acquired Motorola because of its patent rights. Google believed that the market strategy would give the organization a competitive advantage in the global market. It turned out to be a big failure. After trading $13 billion in the investment, Google started a restructure program that made it sell most of its stock in Motorola. This move did not pay well for Google Corporation. With the reorganization in progress, Google sold major departments in Motorola. Operations unit was sold for $75million, while the home outfit was sold for $2.35 billion. Google sacked 5000 workers in Motorola corporations, a move condemned by major market analyst. Google Corporation relies on Motorola’s patent license to create more revenues. The acquisition did not achieve its objective because the estimates revealed a near loss in the initial revenue. The sales of major depa rtments did not sum the investment capital for Motorola. Open source software means the user-ability to run the program for any task. The open source approach can be categorized in four ways. The free use of the application The free knowledge of study. Redistribution and copyrights. The freedom to modify the software for other uses. This means the source codes are available for any user. Thus, the advantage of the open source approach includes:Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is stable: Modification of software keeps the manufactures in the business. The open source approach is stable without frequent modifications. The user decides if he or she will update the system or software to meet a specific task. Thus, each update is a choice for the user. The advantage limits the cost of buying update versions of the software. The consumer is tempted to accept modific ation without a need. This situation is reduced with the open source approach. Cost: The cost of use is low and its users are not affected by purchase charges. The need for documenting the number of copies and ownership is avoided thus, reducing the cost of the software. Flexible: Another advantage of the open source approach is in its usage. While other software manufactures emphasize the use of the software for different systems, open source software permits its use with different products. The software is not limited to its product and can be associated with ease. This advantage provides benefits to the users of open source software. End-user support: Open source approach provides the user with training support. Unlike other software providers, open source satisfy the users curiosity where the program is incompatible. Some software providers release free versions of their software and generate high revenue when users apply for support. This trend is reduced with an open source ap proach. Although it is difficult to put the blame on anyone in the open source approach, the free support reduces the problems encountered. Reliable: Open source approach reduces the defects encountered. Most users complain of different defects with their applications, and this takes time to fix. Open source bugs can be fixed by any developer in minutes because the source code is available. This enables a developer to work on a particular bug and save time.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Google Case: Investments specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Accountable: Open source software can be verified during its usage. It is difficult to verify the claims of quality on closed-source applications, but this is different with open source models. The availability of its source code provides the confidence in the manufacturer’s claim. The claims can be audited by any developer or user with technical information. The net sales rose by 7.6% and the estimated projections provided a strong user support. The partnership increased the avenues of profit for Google Corporation. Apple terminated the partnership with Google maps and introduced its applications. The replacement is not user-friendly, thus, reducing its usage. Google will capitalize on this defect to reconsider its partnership with other third-party manufacturers. This strategy will promote its use and increase Google’s revenue. The project will increase the revenue projection by 18.9%. Google can harness its services with Motorola mobility. This will improve services rendered. The increase in the production of Motorola Smartphones will increase Google’s strength in connecting people. Google can create technologies that will displace similar competitors. Motorola Corporation is a positive platform to test Google’s strength.

Global Trade issues of Boeing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Global Trade issues of Boeing - Essay Example In fact, the company’s stock is part of Dow Jones Industrial Average. Absolute and Comparative Advantage A company is said to have an absolute advantage when it is capable of producing a specific good or service at a lower cost per unit compared to other companies in the same industry (Newquist 2010). It also pertains to the ability to produce a good or service more efficiently than other companies in the same industry. On the other hand, a company is said to have a comparative advantage when it has the ability to produce a particular product more efficiently than any other product (Newquist 2010). As earlier stated, Boeing is currently the leading exporter and manufacturer of airplane in the U.S. This is attributed to the absolute advantage it has acquired through the idea of the economy of scope. Report indicates that Boeing is the only aircraft manufacturer that has implemented the economy of scope making it possible for Boeing to produce two different products in two diffe rent markets at a relatively lower cost than two different firms do (White 2010). This has given Boeing an absolute advantage over other firms in the same industry. This is evident from the fact that Boeing manufactures both commercial and military aircrafts that sell in different markets (Rankin 2008, p.6). According to Benkard (2000, p.1035), all the competitors of Boeing competitor do not use this idea. Boeing also has a comparative advantage in its manufacturing processes. The company is regarded as the best manufacturer of military and commercial aircrafts in the U.S. The company has demonstrated these through quality airplanes it has manufactured for many years now (Benkard 2000, p.1035). Restrictions of trade Newquist (2010) reveals that Boeing is among the leading exporters of commercial and military aircrafts. Despite having enjoyed free trade with many countries that the U.S. trades with, the company has also faced a myriad of trade challenges. One such was witnessed when China imposed trade restriction on Taiwan, which placed Boeing at an awkward position (Bloomberg 2010). It is reported that China forced Boeing to comply by its trade restrictions or risk losing its U.S. arms contract in case it went ahead to sell its military arms to Taiwan that was then at a political dispute with China. China also went ahead to threaten Boeing of cancelation of its lucrative contract and expulsion out of China in case of noncompliance with trade restrictions imposed on it (Naele 2009, p.44). Marketing Marketing of Boeing products is normally done through segmentation. However, since traffic and economic growth rates vary from one region to another, Boeing segments its market geographically. For example, Boeing has focused most of its marketing efforts in Europe and North America regions because of their mature economies. As such, Boeing believes that these regions have a great potential of continuing to buy most of its airplanes (Golich 1992, p.899). In fact, the ability of the company to segment its market geographically gives it the opportunity to ascertain the demand of each segment. For example, Boeing can easily forecast the demand of Europe and North America due to their mature economies. This is due to the high number of air travelers in these regions (Golich 1992, p.899). Strategic Issues Boeing operation and reputation was recently affected due to what can be described as a strategic problem. The company has continually delayed the delivery of Boeing

The presence of the current financial crises has made investors more Essay

The presence of the current financial crises has made investors more determined in handling excess remunerations - Essay Example Introduction A vote against remuneration is significant if it receives less than 75 percent of the shareholders support. Thus, votes have been on the use recently in protesting against pay increases that are insufficiently linked to performance. For instance, Section D of the U.K corporate governance code sets out remuneration guidelines for both the executive and non-executive directors. According Tricker (2012) section D.1, â€Å"the remuneration should be sufficient enough to motivate and attract directors, but a company should avoid paying more than is necessary for this purpose. A significant proportion of the executive director’s remuneration should be structured so as to link rewards to corporate and individual performance.† Section D.1.4 of the U.K corporate governance states that it is the responsibility of the remuneration committee to consider compensation commitments of their directors in the event of early termination. MM & K report is recent and its releas e fueled investor’s activism in fighting against pay rise. The report revealed that the medium total pay rise for FTSE 100 CEOs is 10 percent and one quarter of the CEOs in this index had 41 percent increment on their pay. Research indicates that the size of pay that a FTSE director has increased unexpectedly. For instance, between years 1990 and 2000, the remuneration of a FTSE chief executive went up by 13.6 percent annually from ?1 million to ?4.2 million. In year 2011, FTSE remuneration rose by 11 percent. The current average pay rise in the market is 1.7 percent. In 2012, there have been 24 similar incidents in total all over Europe compared to 2011 which had 25 cases. The legislation has been carefully following these protests, and the pending U.K legislation shows that by year 2012, pay plans will have to pass the majority vote or shareholders will have the authority to reject management’s remuneration proposal. New disclosure rules are also in the process of co ntemplated purposely to help the shareholders in making a decision. For example, in France the new socialist government is contemplating to impose pay limits on executives in companies which own a majority stake. The pay will be 20 times that of the lowest paid employee in the company thus leading to substantial pay cuts. Also, the contemplated Legislations will exert pressure on companies where the government owns share but not a controlling share. CEO’s of companies such as AstraZeneca, Aviva, trinity Mirror is some of directors who had been forced to resign over pay and performance related problems even before news broke. WPP Group During the 2012 annual general meeting, approximately 59 percent of the WPP investors voted against the company’s remuneration report and the CEOs pay package of ?6.8 million. In the previous year, over 40 percent of the shareholders had a ‘no’ vote on pay and this prompted the remuneration committee to reach out the sharehol der before the 2012 AGM. After the shareholders vote the chairman of the group said, â€Å"

International criminal matters, policies, regulations, standards, Essay

International criminal matters, policies, regulations, standards, - Essay Example orism by the international community was in the year 1937 when the then League of Nations adopted the conventional for Prevention and Punishment of terrorism. Even after the League was abolished, the newly formulated United Nations or the UN adopted several resolutions to strengthen its member nations with more powerful international laws to tackle terrorism in an efficient and jut manner. The terrorism prevention branch of the United Nations office on Drugs and Crime, as mandated by the General Assembly of the UN, provides assistance to requesting countries in legal and related aspects of counter terrorism, especially for the purpose of implementing the International Law which could strengthen their national criminal justice system and to apply the provisions in compliance with the law. The UN has tried to simplify the process for understanding the law and its provisions for its member nations by developing certain tools like manuals for this purpose. These tools are also very helpful for legal practitioners to fight legal cases against global terrorism in an efficient manner. As per UN plans to counter global terrorism, all member nations have resolved to fully co-operate in the fight against terrorism which is in accordance with their obligations under international law. As per the law all member nations are required to find, deny safe havens, extradite or prosecute any person who supports, facilitates, participates or attempt to participates in financing, planning, participating or perpetration of terrorist activities. Member states are required to ensure extraditions of perpetrators of terrorist activities in accordance with the rule of international law. The security council of UN has adopted several resolutions regarding the fight against terrorism. One of the most important resolutions is resolution number 1373 (Bianchi 86) which was adopted after the unfortunate terrorist attack on USA on September 11, 2001. This resolution clearly states that

STEEPLE and Balance Scorecard Essay Example for Free

STEEPLE and Balance Scorecard Essay When a firm uses an external consultant to solve a problem or evaluate an opportunity the consultant can use STEEPLE (social, technological, economic, environmental, legal, and ethical), which is a preliminary analysis technique to answer why the business organization or systems exist (Wickham, Wickham, 2008, p. 128). This analysis the consultant preforms helps to determine how the firm business fits in its external environment. The consultant can also use the balances scorecard to measure the financial and non-financial performance of the firm. The consultant will use the STEEPLE and Balance Scorecard to analyze Phillip-Morris introduction of its electronic cigarettes in the market. In addition, the consultant will make any recommendation to Phillip-Morris from the results of the STEEPLE and Balance Scorecard analysis. STEEPLE Analysis The STEEPLE analysis is and extension of the PEST analysis. The PEST analysis acronym stands for; political, economical, social, and technological factors the firm may face in its external environment. This analysis is a form of system analysis that provides a structure for examining elements from the larger system of which the firm is a part of (Gustafson, 2002, p. 134) The STEELPE analysis includes the factors of the PEST analysis with the additions of the legal, environment, and ethical factors the firm can also face in its external environment. The consultant will examine the seven external environmental factors to solve the firm’s problem or opportunity in the market: Sociological factors are trends and attitudes that can affect buying behaviors. The negative publicity that firms, such as Phillip-Morris on the effects of smoking cigarettes, has altered societies view of Phillip-Morris. This has led to millions of individuals to stop smoking to improve his or her health st atus. Technological factors- Technology is constantly changing. This trend is that advanced technology generates new questions. The question for Phillip-Morris is does the firm have the knowledge for the design, production, and delivery of the product? If not, where can the firm gain the knowledge to produce such a product or use a third party to produce it. Economic factors- the consultant will look at if the target market can afford the product. In addition, the consultant must look at if the Phillip-Morris can afford to borrow the necessary funds to produce the product. Environmental Factors- The consultant look at how the e-cigarettes will be packaged and what type of chemicals is going to be used in the production of the product. Depending on the package materials and the chemicals that are used in the production of the product can have a negative effect on the environment. Green issues are important in society today, and the firm must take the issues of protecting the environment in consideration when producing any product. Political and legal factors- relates to the government of a countries federal, state, and local law passed by various governmental agencies. In this analysis the consultant must look at what laws and the attitudes of government agencies have been made for regulating smoking e-cigarettes. Ethical Factors- The consultant must look at how the product will be packaged, design and the marketing campaign to entice consumers to buy the product. This is because the negative publicity cigarettes firms marketing, packaging, and design its products to minors. If the product is produced to make smoking e-cigarettes is â€Å"cool† this can have a negative impact on the company, because it can entice minors to use the product. After conducting the STEEPLE analysis the consultant must determine where the firm has strengthens, weakness, thre ats, and opportunities in the internal and external environment. Phillip-Morris has a negative sociological factor regarding the views of consumers who uses the firm’s products. This negative view has made millions of customers to stop using the firms products. The technological factor, Phillip-Morris has does not have the knowledge of producing e-cigarettes. The firm will have to rely on a third party to produce the product. With the company not having the technology or the technical know how to produce e-cigarettes the price of the product can be very expensive. This has a negative affect on the economical factor, because many consumers may not be able to afford the  product. In addition, by the firm using a third party to produce the product the firm does not assume the risk of borrowing the necessary funds. The firm will not have any negative environmental factors of producing the product, because the third party will assume the risk. However, Phillip-Morris does impact the environment with its current production of making cigarettes. In the political and legal issues the firm can face is very limited. Phillip-Morris will have to comply with federal, state, and local laws governing the legal age requirement for purchasing the product. The firm will have ethical issues if the packaging, design, and marketing is promoting the alternative way of smoking as â€Å"cool.† This can entice young society members to purchase and use the product. However, if its marketing, packaging, and design is to provide adults an alternative and health way of smoking. This will show society that the firm cares about the health of its customers and those who are affected by second hand smoke. Balance Scorecard The balance scorecard gives the organization a total management system to help clarify its vision and strategy. In addition, this technique gives the usable data for the organization to take appropriate business actions, provides feedback to the internal business processes and the external outcomes to improve the firms strategic performance. According to the article â€Å"Using the Balance Scorecard,† written by Kaplan and Norton (1996), (pp. 75-85) the balance scorecard has four perspectives of: Financial Perspectives- Phillip-Morris must balance its business functions which as been allocated across the organization. If the Phillip-Morris decides to increase its economic growth it can do this through a productivity strategy. Phillip-Morris can lower the direct and indirect expense to improve cost, or reduce working and fixed capital to utilize its assets to support the business Customer Perspectives- The value proposition of the customer is the mix of products, price, service , relationship, and Phillip-Morris image. With this perspective Phillip-Morris will have to take on its competition. The company will have to differentiate its value proposition. Phillip-Morris can do this by selecting different operational excellence, customer intimacy, and product leadership. Business Process Perspectives-This matric allows management to understand how efficiently the organization is performing. It also helps Phillip-Morris to understand if  its products or services is meeting the customers needs. In addition, this perspective makes sure that the organization is align with the four high level business process of: Building franchises Increase customer value Achieving operational excellences Phillip-Morris becoming a good corporate citizen Learning and Growth Perspectives- This perspective looks at the employee career growth, training, and the corporate culture for individual and the firm’s self-improvement. In addition, it looks at the knowledge enhancements that Phillip-Morris has to communicate with employees and a mentor program. If Phillip-Morris can enhance employees learning and growth it can have a workforce to meet the firms strategic position. These perspectives allow the development of metrics, data analysis, and collection for the firm. Phillip-Morris is the largest tobacco firms and has a clear objective for its current and potential stockholders. This objective can be to improve the financial side of the firm. In this case the firm has the motivation to have long-term shareholder value, and avoiding the ethical issues that is associated with tobacco companies. By doing this Philip-Morris will neglect the customer, business process, and learning and growth perspective of the balance scorecard. Phill ip-Morris must develop a different business strategy to have a more balanced scorecard. Recommendations The STEEPLE analysis shows Phillip-Morris has a negative sociological and technological factor. There are no environmental factors in producing e-cigarettes, and the political and legal issues will be the same as other tobacco products. The ethical factors can be a negative or positive depending on how the company package, design, and market the product. Phillip-Morris balance scorecard focuses on the financial perspective, while neglecting the three other perspectives. With Phillip-Morris focusing on the financial perspective, and without the technical know how. It is recommended that Phillip-Morris look for a third party to produce its e-cigarettes. It is also the recommendation for Phillip-Morris to enter in a joint venture so it can gain the technical knowledge and have a complete  balance scorecard. References Gustafson, K. (2002). The future of instructional design. In R. Rieser J. Dempsey (Eds.), Trends and issues in instructional design and technology (pp. 333-343). Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Merril/Prentice Hall Kaplan, R.S., Norton, D.P. (1996, January-February). Using the Balanced Scorecard as a Strategic Management System. Harvard Business Review, 74(1), 75-85. ESBCO Host. Wickham, P., Wickham, L. (2008). Management consulting: Delivering an effective project (3rd ed.). Harlow, England: Pearson